Many people, especially those connected to the underground, cooperated with the ARG. Ringelblum's closest collaborators in "Oneg Shabbath" included Menachem Linder, young scholar of the Department of Economy and Statistics at the Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut (now YIVO Institute for Jewish Research) Eliau Gutowski, educator and journalist Hersz Wasser, economist Menachem Kohn, social activist Rabbi Szymon Huberband, historian Izrael Lichtensztajn, teacher Eliezer Auerbach, Aram Lewin, Perec Opoczynski, Cecylia Slapakowa, Henryka Lazowertowna, Gustawa Jarecka, and others. On the basis of that documentation, a great history of Polish Jews during World War II was to be written. The seed for the underground archives were the "Notes," chronicles of events written by Ringelblum from Sept. Ringelblum used those two names interchangeably.
The reports from this archive for the authorities of the Polish Underground carried the signature ARG (Archiwum Getta = The Ghetto Archives).
In May 1940 in Warsaw, Poland, at the urging of Emanuel Ringelblum, an archival and documentation center was formed under the cryptonym "Oneg Shabbat" / "Oneg Shabbath," ("The Sabbath Joy" or "Saturday Meetings"). Ringelblum remained in Warsaw until his death in Pawiak prison in March 1944. He initiated and was one of the founders of the Jewish Historical Society. He was a historian, educator, social activist, and journalist. He spent his childhood and school years in Nowy Sacz, Poland, and studied at Uniwersytet Warszawski (Warsaw University) where he obtained a doctorate of philosophy. 21, 1900, in Buczacz, Eastern Galicia (now Buchach, Ukraine). Thematically, those materials belong to Part I and are connected with the prewar period.Įmanuel Ringelblum was born on Nov. The second part also includes personal archives and depositions of the “Oneg Shabbat” members. Part II contains documents from July 22, 1942, to the end of February 1943. Seksztajn-pictures created before the war. Part I of the Archives of the Warsaw Ghetto contain documents from the period of July 22 to August 1942, and pictures by the artist-painter G. The texts are written on pieces of waste paper, for example on the reverse of documents, wine labels, etc.
It contains typed, handwritten, printed materials, and copies. The Clandestine Archives of the Warsaw Ghetto is diverse in form and provenance. The second part of the collection illustrates the annihilation of the Jewish population in occupied Poland as well as the preparation of weapons for armed confrontation by the resistance.
The first part describes the result of the destructive actions of the Nazis, challenges to the professional and social life of the Jewish population, as well as changes in its moral and cultural manners, and the first efforts at resistance. The materials in the clandestine archives form thematic and chronological cycles. The Clandestine Archives of the Warsaw Ghetto is also a collection of conspiratorial materials, among them underground press materials, leaflets, and notes of radio monitoring. The collection contains questionnaires, reports, journals, diaries, memoirs, journal articles, literary works, letters, notices, copies of official correspondence, protocols of the deliberations of ghetto institutions, identity cards, postal notices, advertisements, medical prescriptions, business stationery, wrapping paper used in the ghetto, outlines of scholarly and artistic works, school and university diplomas, and photographs. Document | Accession Number: 1996.A.0229 | RG Number: RG-15.079MĬontains some 25,000 pages of more than 6,000 documents relating to the lives of the Jewish population living within the borders of occupied Poland from September 1939 to the end of February 1943.